What Are Laser Hazard Classifications?

Lasers have a wide scope of power that requires special classification and safety procedures. Although cold lasers typically used for non-invasive medical procedures pose minimal harm to the human body, other lasers at more powerful ranges present radiation and burn dangers. Hence, a laser hazard classification system has been created. Based on the frequency of the beam, laser hazard classifications serve to warrant when special care needs to be taken. In terms of power and range, what are the laser hazard classifications?

Lasers and their systems made by manufacturers are required by federal law to have a classification. If it is modified to undertake a new task, it will need a new classification. Lasers are assigned to 1 of 4 classes, depending on their potential to cause biological damage.

Class I

Lasers in this classification cannot emit laser radiation at known hazardous levels. Users of Class I lasers are generally exempted from radiation hazard controls during operation and maintenance. These lasers include your typical laser pointer or laser cat toy.

Class IA

This includes a special designation based on a 1000-second exposure. These are not intended for viewing such as in the case of a supermarket laser scanner. The emission for a Class IA is defined as an emission that does not exceed the Class I limit for a duration of 1000 seconds. They pose no harm, providing exposure to the beam is less than 1000 seconds.

Class II

These low power, visible lasers emit above Class I levels, but not a radiant power above 1 mW. It is assumed that the human natural aversion reaction to bright light will protect a person. Hence, this classification specifies specific controls.

Class IIIA

This includes the intermediate powered ones that are only deemed hazardous for intrabeam viewing. Limited controls are applied to this classification.

Class IIIB

These include those that are moderately powered that aren't a fire hazard, yet still capable of producing a hazardous diffuse reaction. The classification mandates specific controls for their use.

Class IV

These are high powered and are hazardous to view under any condition. They are also a fire hazard and can damage the skin. This classification requires specific controls for their use.

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